PPV23-associated immunological hyporesponsiveness has been clearly documented previously. A mechanism, involving depletion of the serotype-specific memory B-cell pool by polysaccharide antigens, has been suggested to be responsible for this phenomenon. The impact of PPV23 vaccinations on immunological memory established by conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is unclear. Splenectomised individuals are at increased risk and according to current guidelines should receive repeated PPV23 immunizations.